Of leading the world is the United States of America, we have a clear understanding of it, China does not have any ideas or have the capacity to challenge her leadership role)!
A statement when you read it for the first time perhaps you think coming on the lips of one of the Obama administration members, a hawkish American conservatives or even a Democratic senator excited in Texas or California, but it is interesting that it came on the tongue (Wang Yang), Vice-President of the State Council (cabinet) and a the highest political officials of Chinese!
When Wang, he said in his speech to the Inter-American Economic Forum of China in Chicago late last year grabbed politicians and analysts Americans what he said a lot of caution, after two years of Chinese intentions clear to break the American hegemony in Asia in preparation for taking the US Super Man who rules the world and wearing instead mantle the moves that have ratified these intentions, did not show what Mr. Wang expressed the real thrust of his state, but most of these analysts really know that what he said carries a lot of health in terms of incision China's capabilities, and that the United States would keep the throne logical for quite some time.
This report briefly explain to you some of the real pillars of American power away from the military power, and puts you on the path to answer a question (why the United States continues on top of the world?).
(1) Economics
In the middle of last year, most of the world's media came up huge headlines describing the development that has occurred for the first time in more than a century when the Chinese economy surpassed the US economy to become the first largest economy in the world under the (power parity purchasing Purchasing Power Parity known famous abbreviation) (PPP), climbed China's first center for economy equivalent (17.632) trillion dollars (17.416) trillion the United States of America superiority equals 1.2%.
More to understand, the power draw purchasing means measuring what can be purchased in two of their comparative unified currency, assuming that the average Chinese per capita income of a thousand dollars a year and the average two thousand US income, if the average income of the US Chinese weakness, but using the power of the equalizer purchasing measure what you can not (1000) dollars can buy in each country, we assume that the ground can buy IPhone and one in the United States while you buy two in China if it becomes the average American income is equal to the Chinese and not a weakness.
But this is not true indication of the college!
If we want to measure the size of the economy depending on the size of GDP, the US gross national product (17.416) trillion dollars is roughly equal to twice the gross domestic product of China (9469) trillion, this superiority IMF predicts in its report on the outlook for the global economy last year, to continue to the end of this decade at least , with the perception of achieving the gross domestic product of China in 2019, the amount of (15.518) trillion dollars (22.174) trillion in the United States.
This figure comes from a country representing a population of less than a quarter of China's population of more than 1.3 billion people, with an average annual income of $ 4,000 for Chinese annually, compared to $ 53,000 annually for the US, even with adjusted purchasing power and taking into account the economic inflation, the average remains the annual US higher his Chinese counterpart, by a large margin.
China's economy also suffers from a religion, the religion reached 251% of gross domestic product of China (No. nearly 26 trillion dollars), while that we wanted to take a more accurate on the strength of the United States look economically, we estimate the local wealth or national of each country, US size sits on throne with a fortune of $ 72 trillion dollars compared to 22 trillion for China, fifty trillion dollars does not seem to make a difference as easy or as simple!
The most important thing the fundamental difference between the United States and any other country economically that its economy based on entrepreneurship and innovation, not economy reproduced, unlike China, and innovative in most economic fields almost versus innovative in the areas of fewer for the European Union and Japan in particular, as well as on top of the world R & D (research & development) which gives these commercial dominance prior to the six key economic areas (technology / weapons / drug / food / transport / energy).
Another important thing which is the power of the US economic soft of leading brands, which cover almost everything in the world, Apple, Microsoft, Facebook, GE, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Intel, Goldman Sachs, Twitter, Google, Netflix, Ford, GM, Boeing, Lockheed Martin and hundreds of other marks, are all involved in being tens of billions of
dollars.
Of course, first of all, the presence of the dollar as the currency of official business world standard global reserve currency to a significant number of countries give the United States a lot of momentum and leverage core and single economic reference, despite attempts by the European Union for the taking so Bammelth unified euro but those attempts so far still significantly far from success.
In the first quarter of this year, the United States faces a relatively slowdown in the economy for three main reasons sweeten the strength of the dollar; which leads to harm strongly export with low competitive strength in front of the European Union and Japan, and lower prices, which means a decrease automatically in the public purchasing behavior in anticipation of the biggest declines, and a rate hike in the banks, but they are all temporary factors mostly in and can be easily controlled and not chronic symptoms.
(2) political influence
Despite the prevalence of the view that the influence of the United States great is mostly due its military might as the strongest arm regulator in the world but it is not true at all, Logically will not invade the United States each state they do not like or rebel against the policy, even though they've done in Iraq and before that in Afghanistan, Vietnam and others in whole or in limited and can do it again, but they remain limited and exceptional cases Mnatha weak fronts of confrontation with broad international support or silence and verbal identification and interception at best.
This support or silence is the real power!
Influence of the United States is a very complex network of leads followed in the composition principles (soft power / economic / institutional), for example, has a notification is the only one of its kind in the ground which brings most people to watch it, whether notification is visible (TV / Cinema / Internet) or notification legible (newspapers / magazines / publishing industry), for example, the media news representative in the agency months (CNN) or Fox News or ABC, the Media readable Kaloashentun Post and New York Times newspapers months in the world, Hollywood, serials networks as NetFlix and HBO and others, a common and all-in global Mhahteke or Gariohm millions around the world, and is the only media Almtogl this way
.
This incursion becomes clearer in the publishing industry (books only) Notwithstanding the face of the decline of which, the industry can not find an economic eminence in any country in the world except in the United States, last year's statistics show that the publishing industry in the United States totaled $ 29 billion, nearly thirty billion dollars in one year, a figure that represents a budget of some small countries!
This branch of soft power serves the branch most important and main which (economic and political institutions), which is controlled by the United States, brings us, of course, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund and the two constitute the global economic policy parameters and the two controls in which the United States is almost complete, and the Asian Development Bank, which is run by Japan accurate understandings with the United States, of course, so China is trying to change that by changing global economic structure and the drafting of new institutions (you can see more details here).
Politically, the United States is one of the five permanent members of the Security Council, the most important in the United Nations and the problem of its main, the most important founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and use it to impose a naval control over the number of the most important areas of conflict in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, but the most important aspect of the incursion is not their ability to create political alliances and understandings with carrots or pressure, but an incursion in the budgets of the countries concerned interlocking economic relations or government assistance or civic organizations, or all-in some cases (such as Egypt).
This form of the triple influence gives it great flexibility in movement and pressure on the country regimes to act according to their interest firm, or using states leaves to put pressure on other countries, of course, is not that superstitious power and face difficulties in foreign policy, Chinese, Russian and Latin, and the challenges sometimes, but the challenges can control with minimal damage that is inversely proportional to the kind of hegemony and less comfortably for any US-democratic right-wing or conservative management.
(3) Education
In post-World War II the United States was applied to half of the world economy on its own by the decline in the ratio with a gradual rise of Europe in the following decades, at the military level was one of the poles of the world with the Soviet Union by virtue they possess a nuclear deterrent force with the most powerful armies the time, but American education was facing a real problem strongly evident in the early eighties of the last century.
Accepted by the US over the education leap mission when the US Congress passed in 1958 at the height of the space conflict with the Soviets one of the most important laws of the United States which (the National Security Education Act), the law that router is assigned a standard budget estimates Pmaitin and fifty million dollars for the improvement and development of education in the areas of (Mathematics / Physics / technical Sciences / space Science), an amount equivalent billion under the current time.
Can 1982 be considered is the real transformation of American education point which led to a boom led the state to the mastery of technological extended from the nineties to now, this year, the Americans found that their students are lagging behind badly in mathematics, natural sciences, and they Anhsmon in most international competitions, which involved them especially against Japan, Europe, South Korea, students, officials understand such a situation that will lead to a delay at all levels because the mathematics and physics in particular are the basis of any technological advances and technical; thus leading to the United States retreated from its position sooner or later.
US President Ronald Reagan then issued a decree to form the White House Commission of Eighteen people representing elite educational and educational experts in the United States, the committee stayed almost a full year and then came one of the most important documents of education in modern history, a (A Nation At Risk) or (nation Danger)!
This document - or rather report- contained thirty-eight detailed recommendation to restructure the American education fully, the most important problem highlighted by the report was the (teacher training), so the Committee recommended studying the conditions of teachers and the problems and gaps in the American federal system to solve them and then improve the physical and living conditions of teachers and competence conditions educational.
This phase identified by the nation's experts in risk three years maximum, began after the release of the report directly in 1983 and ended in 1986, identified the problems and steps to solve began, whether radical changes in the system or creating a test sufficiently American teachers, a multi-stage test to assess and evaluate teachers and two years later and in 1988 the test was applied in forty-four US states with the restructuring led to raise the income of a teacher from $ 7423 per year (at $ 618 a month only) to $ 26,551 per year (at $ 2212 a month) time.
Then was the second stage (to change the curriculum) and continued essentially to the early nineties, and was interested in changing the math, physics and chemistry curriculum to keep pace with progress of other countries in these areas, and it was the stage goal is to finish the American student in first place globally.
Currently the US basic education (pre-university) late strongly, and depending on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) issued by the International Cooperation and Development (OECD), the average student score the Americans and their strength in math and science and rates of reading they have less than more than twenty countries come on top China, for example, in math, we find the United States holds a 481 points, which is less than the average program (494), the only cities to have Tda average of two Massachusetts and Connecticut B514 and 506 points, respectively, while the order of the United States globally is 20th place, according to some classifications!
How excel if America?
Using higher education in which the United States takes first place in the world for over a decade, it has an average of 28-30 University among the top one hundred university in most of the world rankings, and has six universities of the top ten universities in the world, including the best technological and engineering institute He (Massachusetts).
University education in the United States was too expensive at elite colleges with an average cost of study in which a sum nearly eighty thousand dollars for one program, there are some universities (Khavard) which exceed the cost of the study and one business management software percent thousand dollars, while the rest of the universities ranges from amounts of 10 thousands of dollars for small universities to 40 thousand dollars or more medium-sized universities.
The United States leads the world in spending on scientific research and development (R & D), on the level of spending relative to national income of the United States spent in 2014 accounted for 2.79 of the national income, and perhaps find other entities spend more, such as Israel, Germany and Finland, but the ratio: The size of the national income the United States makes in the lead to spending on scientific research in all fields beyond Al627 billion dollars a year, while the proportion of engineers and technicians, it has the second highest global ratio after Israel, taking into account the difference in population is too big between them (eight million Israelis: more than 320 million American).
It does not have to worry!
What China is trying to do now is the taking of American hegemony of the continent of Asia to become dominant by force, by the challenge of Japan in the South China Sea and the establishment of a parallel financial institutions and the establishment of an Asian alliances where not the United States as an organization Shanghai, for example, and then later begin to challenge the US economy on Long-term.
These dreams perfectly legitimate for a country with the planning and resources it can to it, but they need long for the same as well as the capabilities are not owned by any country in the world is in any way nor in the future for the foreseeable future, US hegemony retreat by the rise of others (China / EU economic) or because and the influence of regional resources and energy military force (Russia), but in the end will remain in the position for a period of time which is certainly the end of this decade, perhaps change China's world order form and it seems it will succeed, but change the order of the pyramid thing stones and sit at the helm anything else.
